koldham@trentu.ca,jmyland@trentu.caorjspanier@uci.edu.AnErrataofknownerrorsandrevisionswillbefound on the publishers website; please access www.springer.com/978-0-387-48806-6 and follow the links. This will be updated as and if new errors are detected or clarifications are found to be needed. Use of the Atlas of Functions or Equator, the Atlas function calculator is at your own risk. The authors and the publisher disclaim liability for any direct or consequential damage resulting from use of the Atlas or Equator. It is a pleasure to express our gratitude to Michelle Johnston, Sten Engblom, and Trevor Mace-Brickman for theirhelpinthecreationoftheAtlasandEquator. Thefrankcommentsofseveralreviewerswhoinspectedanearly versionofthemanuscripthavealsobeenofgreatvalue. WegivesincerethankstoSpringer,andparticularlytoAnn KostantandOonaSchmid,fortheircommitmenttothelengthytaskofcarryingtheconceptofAnAtlasofFunctions through to reality with thoroughness, enthusiasm, skill, and even some humor. Their forbearance in dealing with the authors is particularly appreciated. WehopeyouwillenjoyusingAnAtlasofFunctionsandEquator,andthattheywillprovehelpfulinyourwork or studies. January 2008 Keith B. Oldham Jan C. Myland Jerome Spanier Every chapter has sections devoted to: notation, behavior, definitions, special cases, intrarelationships, expansions, particular values, numerical values, limits and approximations, operations of the calculus, complex argument, generalizations, and cognate functions. In addition, each chapter has the special features itemized below its title. PREFACE v GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1 What functions are. Organization of the Atlas. Notational conventions. Rules of the calculus. THE CONSTANT FUNCTION c 13 Mathematical constants. Complex numbers. Pulse functions. Series of powers of natural numbers. THE FACTORIAL FUNCTION n!21 Double and triple factorial functions. Combinatorics. Stirling numbers of the second kind. THE ZETA NUMBERS AND RELATED FUNCTIONS 29 Special values. Apérys constant. The Debye functions of classical physics.

Keith B. Oldham is a professor of Chemistry at Trent University in Ontario, Canada. He has co-authored several books, contributed to numerous others, and has published over 200 articles. He co-authored, with Jerome Spanier, the first edition ofAn Atlas of Functions.

Jan C. Myland is a Research Associate in Electrochemistry at Trent University.

Jerome Spanier is a prominent mathematics professor emeritus, currently a researcher at University of California, Irvine. He has received many prestigious honors and awards and has authored or co-authored numerous publications.

General Considerations.- The Constant Function c.- The Factorial Function n!.- The Zeta Numbers and Related Functions.- The Bernoulli Numbers B n .- The Euler Numbers E n .- The Binomial Coefficients .- The Linear Function bx + c and Its Reciprocal.- Modifying Functions.- The Heaviside u(x?a) And Dirac ?(x?a) Functions.- The Integer Powers x n And (bx+c) n .- The Square-Root Function and Its Reciprocal.- The Noninteger Powers x v .- The Semielliptic Function and Its Reciprocal.- The Semihyperbolic Functions And Their Reciprocals.- The Quadratic Function ax 2+bx+c and Its Reciprocal.- The Cubic Function x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c.- Polynomial Functions.- The Pochhammer Polynomials (x) n .- The Bernoulli Polynomials B n (x).- The Euler Polynomials E n (x).- The Legendre Polynomials P n (x).- The Chebyshev Polynomials T n (x) and U n (x).- The Laguerre Polynomials L n (x).- The Hermite Polynomials H n (x).- The Logarithmic Function ln(x).- The Exponential Function exp(±x).- Exponentials of Powers exp(± x v ).- The Hyperbolic Cosine Cosh(x) and Sine Sinh(x) Functions.- The Hyperbolic Secant Sech(x) and Cosecant Csch(x) Functions.- The Hyperbolic Tangent tanh(x) and Cotangent coth(x) Functions.- The Inverse Hyperbolic Functions.- The Cosine cos(x) and Sine sin(x) Functions.- The Secant sec(x) And cosecant csc(x) Functions.- The Tangent tan(x) and Cotangent cot(x) Functions.- The Inverse Circular Functions.- Periodic Functions.- The Exponential Integrals Ei(x) and Ein(x).- Sine and Cosine Integrals.- The Fresnel Integrals C(x) and S(x).- The Error Function erf(x) and Its Complement erfc(x).- The and Related Functions.- Dawsons Integral daw(x).- The Gamma Function ?(v).- The Digamma Function ?(v).- The Incomplete Gamma Functions.- The Parabolic Cylinder Function D v (x).- The Kummer Function M(a,c,x).- The Tricomi Function U(a,c,x).- The Modified Bessel Functions I n (x) of Integer Order.- The Modified Bessel Function I v (x) of Arbitrary Order.- The Macdonald Function K v (x).- The Bessel Functions J n (x) of Integer Order.- The Bessel Function J v (x) of Arbitrary Order.- The Neumann Function Y v (x).- The Kelvin Functions.- The Airy Functions Ai(x) and Bi(x).- The Struve Function h v (x).- The Incomplete Beta Function B(v,?,x).- The Legendre Functions P v (x) and Q v (x).- The Gauss Hypergeometric Function F(a,b,c,x).- The Complete Elliptic Integrals K(k) and E(k).- The Incomplete Elliptic Integrals F(k,?) AND E(k,?).- The Jacobian Elliptic Functions.- The Hurwitz Function ?(v, u).