Japan has always been fascinating for foreign observers. This volume will show, how its military has been perceived abroad and what image about the Japanese Army existed between 1853 and 1945 in the minds of those who read and heard stories from the Far East. When forcefully opened by a US mission in 1853, Japan was transformed by its ruling elites into a strong nation state, whose military and political forces wanted to avoid a colonization by foreign powers. Therefore, Japans military capacities were of special interest and the army and navy were westernized very fast. Japanese soldiers became known as Asias Prussians, and were often described as gallant enemies. This image, however, should rapidly change after the First World War. During the battles in China since 1937, and the Pacific since 1941, the Japanese soldiers were often referred to as devils. This volume will take a closer look at the images of Japans military abroad to show how these images were created, how they changed and what stimulated the differences with regard to the foreign perception of Japan and its military between 1853 and 1945.

Frank Jacob is Professor of Global History at Nord Universitet, Norway. Sepp Linhart is Professor Emeritus of Japanese Studies at the University of Vienna.