Non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment remains a critical challenge across many settings, it is even becoming an increasing concern as HIV/AIDS care, and treatment is expanding rapidly. However little is known on how and why non-adherence persisted.Twelve in depth interviews, six group discussions, and desk reviews were carried out with purposively selected subjects. Comparative and Thematic analyses were done and open code software was used to code, categorize and analyze the data.Non-Adherence to ART is rooted in contextual cultural and religious reasons that require conformity with scientific facts. Organized supports, collaboration with pertinent stakeholders for conformity of scientific and traditional treatment and strengthening of counseling and educations are recommended.

Dr. Zerihun Hika is experienced physician at several public and private health facilities and international nongovernmental organizations including experience on technical leadership as Medical director. He has earned doctor of medicine and master of public health degrees from University of Gondar.