This book discusses innovations in the field of Directed Energy (DE) and presents new technologies and innovative approaches for use in energy production for possible Underwater Communication, Directed Energy Weapons Applications and at lower wave energy for Medical Applications as well. In-depth chapters explore the challenges related to the study of energy produced from Scalar Longitudinal Wave (SLW). Topics related to Scalar Longitudinal Waves (SLW) and their various applications in the energy, medical, and military sector are discussed along with principles of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and theory, weapon applications of SLW, as well as SLW driven propulsion via an all-electronic engine, and for underwater communications.Scalar Wave Driven Energy Applications offers a unique solution for students, researchers, and engineers seeking a viable alternative to traditional approaches for energy production.

Dr. Bahman Zohuri currently works for Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Inc., a consulting firm that he started in 1991 when he left both the semiconductor and defense industries after many years working as a chief scientist. After graduating from the University of Illinois in the field of physics, applied mathematics, then he went to the University of New Mexico, where he studied nuclear engineering and mechanical engineering. He joined Westinghouse Electric Corporation, where he performed thermal hydraulic analysis and studied natural circulation in an inherent shutdown, heat removal system (ISHRS) in the core of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) as a secondary fully inherent shutdown system for secondary loop heat exchange. All these designs were used in nuclear safety and reliability engineering for a sel4-actuated shutdown system. He designed a mercury heat pipe and electromagnetic pumps for large pool concepts of a LMFBR for heat rejection purposes for this reactor around 1978, when he received a patent for it. He was subsequently transferred to the defense division of Westinghouse, where he oversaw dynamic analysis and methods of launching and controlling MX missiles from canisters. The results were applied to MX launch seal performance and muzzle blast phenomena analysis (i.e., missile vibration and hydrodynamic shock formation). Dr. Zohuri was also involved in analytical calculations and computations in the study of nonlinear ion waves in rarefying plasma. The results were applied to the propagation of so-called soliton waves and the resulting charge collector traces in the rarefaction characterization of the corona of laser-irradiated target pellets. As part of his graduate research work at Argonne National Laboratory, he performed computations and programming of multi-exchange integrals in surface physics and solid-state physics. He earned various patents in areas such as diffusion processes and diffusion furnace design while working as a senior process engineer at various semiconductor companies, such as Intel Corp., Varian Medical Systems, and National Semiconductor Corporation. He later joined Lockheed Martin Missile and Aerospace Corporation as Senior Chief Scientist and oversaw research and development (R&D) and the study of the vulnerability, survivability, and both radiation and laser hardening of different components of the Strategic Defense Initiative, known as Star Wars.

 

This included payloads (i.e., IR sensor) for the Defense Support Program, the Boost Surveillance and Tracking System, and Space Surveillance and Tracking Satellite against laser and nuclear threats. While at Lockheed Martin, he also performed analyses of laser beam characteristics and nuclear radiation interactions with materials, transient radiation effects in electronics, electromagnetic pulses, system-generated electromagnetic pulses, single-event upset, blast, thermo-mechanical, hardness assurance, maintenance, and device technology.

 

He spent several years as a consultant at Galaxy Advanced Engineering serving Sandia National Laboratories, where he supported the development of operational hazard assessments for the Air Force Safety Center in collaboration with other researchers and third parties. Ultimately, the results were included in Air Force Instructions issued specifically for directed energy weapons operational safety. He completed the first version of a comprehensive library of detailed laser tools for airborne lasers, advanced tactical lasers, tactical high-energy lasers, and mobile/ tactical high-energy lasers, for example.

 

He also oversaw SDI computer programs, in connection with Battle Management C3I and artificial intelligence, and autonomous systems. He is the author of several publications and holds several patents, such as for a laser-activated radioactive decay and results of a through-bulkhead initiator. He has published the following works: Heat Pipe Design and Technology: A Practical Approach (CRC Press); Dimensional Analysis and Sel4-Similarity Methods for Engineering and Scientists (Springer); High Energy Laser (HEL): Tomorrows Weapon in Directed Energy Weapons Volume I (Trafford Publishing Company); and recently the book on the subject Directed Energy Weapons and Physics of High Energy Laser with Springer. He has other books with Springer Publishing Company; Thermodynamics in Nuclear Power Plant Systems (Springer); and Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors (Springer) and many others that they can be found in most universities technical library or they can be seen on Internet or Amazon.com.

 

He is presently holding position of Research Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM and continue his research on Neural Science Technology and its application in Super Artificial Intelligence, where he has published series of book in this subject as well his research on Scalar Waves, which result of his research is present book.

Chapter 1:Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory1.1Introduction1.2Vector Analysis1.2.1Vector Algebra1.2.2Vector Gradient1.2.3Vector Integration1.2.4Vector Divergence1.2.5Vector Curl1.2.6Vector Differential Operator1.3Further Developments1.4Electrostatics1.4.1The Coulomb's Law1.4.2The Electric Field1.4.3The Gauss's Law1.5Solution of Electrostatic Problems1.5.1Poisson's Equation1.5.2Laplace's Equation1.6Electrostatic Energy1.6.1Potential Energy of a Group of Point Charges1.6.2Electrostatic Energy of a Charge Distribution1.6.3Forces and Torques1.7Maxwell's Equations Descriptions1.8Time-Independent Maxwell Equations1.8.1Coulombs Law1.8.2The Electric Scalar Potential1.8.3Gausss Law1.8.4Poissons Equation1.8.5Amperes Experiments1.8.6The Lorentz Force1.8.7Amperes Law1.8.8Magnetic Monopoles1.8.9Amperes Circuital Law1.8.10Helmholtzs Theorem1.8.11The Magnetic Vector Potential1.8.12The Biot-Savart Law1.8.13Electrostatics and Magnetostatics1.9Time-Dependent Maxwell Equations1.9.1Faradays Law1.9.2Electric Scalar Potential1.9.3Gauge Transformations1.9.4The Displacement Current1.9.5Potential Formulation1.9.6Electromagnetic Waves1.9.7Greens Functions1.9.8Retarded Potentials1.9.9Advanced Potentials1.9.10Retarded Fields1.9.11Summary1.10ReferencesChapter 2:Maxwells Equations - The Generalization of Ampere-Maxwells Law2.1Introduction2.2The Permeability of Free Space µ02.3The Generalization of Amperes Law with Displacement Current2.4The Electromagnetic Induction2.5The Electromagnetic Energy and Poynting Vector2.6Simple Classical Mechanics Systems and Fields2.7Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of Relativistic Mechanics2.7.1Four-Dimensional Velocity2.7.2Energy and Momentum in Relativistic Mechanics2.8Lorentz vs. Galilean Transformation2.9The Structure of Spacetime, Interval, and Diagram2.9.1Space-Time or Minkowski Diagram2.9.2Time Dilation2.9.3Time Interval2.9.4The Invariant Interval2.9.5Lorentz Contraction Length2.10ReferencesChapter 3:All About Wave Equations3.1Introduction3.2The Classical Wave Equation and Separation of Variables3.3Standing Waves3.4Seiche wave3.4.1Lake Seiche3.4.2See and Bay Seiche3.5Underwater or Internal Waves3.6Maxwells Equations and Electromagnetic Waves3.7Scalar and Vector Potentials3.8Gauge Transformations, Lorentz Gauge, and Coulomb Gauge3.9Infrastructure, Characteristic, Derivation, and Properties of Scalar Waves3.9.1Derivation of the Scalar Waves3.9.2Wave Energy3.9.3The Particles or Charge Field Expression3.9.4Particle Energy3.9.5Velocity3.9.6The Magnetic Field3.9.7The Scalar Field3.9.8Scalar Fields, from Classical Electromagnetism to Quantum Mechanics3.9.8.1Scalar Interactions3.9.8.2Quantum Gauge Invariance3.9.8.3Gauge Invariant Phase Difference3.9.8.4The Matrix of Space-Time3.9.9Our Body Works with Scalar Waves3.9.10Scalar Waves Superweapon Conspiracy Theory3.9.11Deployment of Superweapon Scalar Wave Drive by Interferometer Paradigm3.9.11.1Wireless Transmission of Energy at a Distance Driven by Interferometry3.10The Quantum Waves3.11The X-Waves3.12The Nonlinear X-Waves3.13The Bessels Waves3.14Generalized Solution to Wave Equation3.14ReferencesChapter 4:The Fundamental of Electrodynamics4.1Introduction4.2Maxwells Equations and Electric Field of the Electromagnetic Wave4.3The Wave Equations for Electric and Magnetic Field4.4Sinusoidal Waves4.5Polarization of the Wave4.6Monochromatic Plane Waves4.7Boundary Conditions: Reflection& Transmission (Refraction) Dielectric Interface4.8Electromagnetic Waves in Matter4.8.1Propagation in Linear Media4.8.2Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence4.8.3Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence4.9Absorption and Dispersion4.9.1Electromagnetic Waves in Conductors4.9.2Reflection at a Conducting Surface4.9.3The Frequency Dependence of Permittivity4.10Electromagnetic Waves in Conductors4.11ReferencesChapter 5:Deriving Lagrangian Density of Electromagnetic Field5.1Introduction5.2How the Field Transform5.3The Field Tensor5.4The Electromagnetic Field Tensor5.5The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian For Electromagnetic Fields5.6Introduction to Lagrangian Density5.7The Euler-Lagrange Equation of Electromagnetic Field5.7.1Error-Trial-Final Success5.8The Formal Structure of Maxwells Theory5.9ReferencesChapter 6:Scalar Waves6.1Introduction6.2Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Descriptions6.2.1Pressure Waves and More Details6.2.2What are Scalar Longitudinal Waves6.2.2Scalar Longitudinal Waves Applications6.3Description of  Field6.4Scalar Wave Description6.5Longitudinal Potential Waves6.6Transmitters and Receiver for Longitudinal Waves6.6.1Scalar Communication System6.7Scalar Waves Experiments6.7.1Tesla Radiation6.7.2Vortex Model6.7.2.1Resonant Circuit Interpretation6.7.2.2Near Field Interpretation6.7.2.3Vortex Interpretation6.7.4Experiment6.7.5Summary6.7ReferencesAppendix A:Relativity and ElectromagnetismA.1IntroductionA.2The Formal Structure of Maxwells TheoryA.3ReferencesAppendix B:Schrödinger Wave EquationB.1IntroductionB.2Schrödinger Equation ConceptB.3The Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation ConceptB.4Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation ConceptB.5A Free Particle inside a Box and Density of StateB.6Relativistic Spin Zero Parties: Klein-Gordon EquationB.6.1AntiparticlesB.6.2Negative Energy States and AntiparticlesB.6.3Neutral ParticlesB.6ReferencesAppendix C:Four Vectors and Lorentz TransformationC.1IntroductionC.2Lorentz Transformation Factor DerivationC.3Mathematical Properties of the Lorentz TransformationC.4Cherenkov RadiationC.4.1Arbitrary Cherenkov Emission AngleC.4.2Reverse Cherenkov EffectC.4.3Cherenkov Radiation CharacteristicsC.4.4Cherenkov Radiation ApplicationsC.5Vacuum Cherenkov RadiationC.6Lorentz Invariance and Four-VectorsC.7Transformation Laws for VelocitiesC.8Faster Than Speed of LightC.7ReferencesAppendix D:Vector DerivativesD.1ReferencesAppendix E:Second Order Vector DerivativesE.1ReferencesIndex