Inhaltsangabe1. Background 1.1 Pollution problems of pulp and paper industry 2. Pulp and Paper making process 2.1 Pulp making Process 2.2 Stock preparation and paper making process 3. Pulp Bleaching and Bleaching effluents 3.1 Pulp Bleaching 3.2 Bleaching effluents 4. Environmental effects of bleach plant effluents 4.1 Environmental Fate and effects 4.2 Environmental issues 4.3 Environmental regulations 5. Stratgies used for reducing the generation of pollutants 5.1 Pollution reduction through Process modification 5.1.1 Nonconventional Pulping Technologies Organosolvent Pulping Organic acid Pulping Biopulping 5.1.2 Internal Process Modifications Extended delignification and Oxygen delignification Improved pulp washing Oxidative alkali extraction stage Substitution of elemental chlorine with chlorine dioxide Ozone ECF, Totally Chlorine-free Bleaching and Chloride Removal Processes Bleach filtrate recovery Enzyme pretreatment Fungal pretreatment 5.2 External treatment 5.2.1 Physico-chemical processes 5.2.2 Electro-chemical processes 5.2.3 Advanced oxidation technologies 5.2.4 Treatment with Enzymes 5.2.5 Treatment with Bacteria Aerobic treatment Anaerobic treatment Sequential aerobic/anaerobic treatment 5.2.6 Treatment with Fungi 6. Conclusions and future perspectives 7. References

Inhaltsangabe1. Background 1.1 Pollution problems of pulp and paper industry 2. Pulp and Paper making process 2.1 Pulp making Process 2.2 Stock preparation and paper making process 3. Pulp Bleaching and Bleaching effluents 3.1 Pulp Bleaching 3.2 Bleaching effluents 4. Environmental effects of bleach plant effluents 4.1 Environmental Fate and effects 4.2 Environmental issues 4.3 Environmental regulations 5. Stratgies used for reducing the generation of pollutants 5.1 Pollution reduction through Process modification 5.1.1 Nonconventional Pulping Technologies Organosolvent Pulping Organic acid Pulping Biopulping 5.1.2 Internal Process Modifications Extended delignification and Oxygen delignification Improved pulp washing Oxidative alkali extraction stage Substitution of elemental chlorine with chlorine dioxide Ozone ECF, Totally Chlorine-free Bleaching and Chloride Removal Processes Bleach filtrate recovery Enzyme pretreatment Fungal pretreatment 5.2 External treatment 5.2.1 Physico-chemical processes 5.2.2 Electro-chemical processes 5.2.3 Advanced oxidation technologies 5.2.4 Treatment with Enzymes 5.2.5 Treatment with Bacteria Aerobic treatment Anaerobic treatment Sequential aerobic/anaerobic treatment 5.2.6 Treatment with Fungi 6. Conclusions and future perspectives 7. References

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