We barely talk about them and seldom know their names. Philosophy has always overlooked them; even biology considers them as mere decoration on the tree of life. And yet plants give life to the Earth: they produce the atmosphere that surrounds us, they are the origin of the oxygen that animates us. Plants embody the most direct, elementary connection that life can establish with the world.

In this highly original book, Emanuele Coccia argues that, as the very creator of atmosphere, plants occupy the fundamental position from which we should analyze all elements of life. From this standpoint, we can no longer perceive the world as a simple collection of objects or as a universal space containing all things, but as the site of a veritable metaphysical mixture. Since our atmosphere is rendered possible through plants alone, life only perpetuates itself through the very circle of consumption undertaken by plants. In other words, life exists only insofar as it consumes other life, removing any moral or ethical considerations from the equation. In contrast to trends of thought that discuss nature and the cosmos in general terms, Coccias account brings the infinitely small together with the infinitely big, offering a radical redefinition of the place of humanity within the realm of life.

Emanuele Coccia is Associate Professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris.

Acknowledgments ix

Authors Preface xi

I Prologue

1 On Plants, or the Origin of Our World 3

2 The Extension of the Domain of Life 7

3 On Plants, or the Life of the Spirit 12

4 Toward a Philosophy of Nature 17

II Leaf Theory: The Atmosphere of the World

5 Leaves 25

6Tiktaalik roseae 29

7 In Open Air: Ontology of the Atmosphere 35

8 The Breath of the World 54

9 Everything Is in Everything 66

III Theory of the Root: The Life of the Stars

10 Roots 77

11 The Deepest Are the Stars 86

IV Theory of the Flower: The Reason of Forms

12 Flowers 99

13 Reason Is Sex 105

V Epilogue

14 On Speculative Autotrophy 113

15 Like an Atmosphere 119

Notes 123