The persecution and mass-murder of the Jews during World War II would not have been possible without the modern organization of division of labor. Moreover, the perpetrators were dependent on human and organizational resources they could not always control by hierarchy and coercion. Instead, the persecution of the Jews was based, to a large extent, on a web of inter-organizational relations encompassing a broad variety of non-hierarchical cooperation as well as rivalry and competition. Based on newly accessible government and corporate archives, this volume combines fresh evidence with an interpretation of the governance of persecution, presented by prominent historians and social scientists.

Wolfgang Seibel is Professor of Political Science at the University of Konstanz, Germany. Previous appointments include guest professorships at the Institute for Advanced Study, Vienna (1992), and the University of California at Berkeley (1994). He was also a temporary member of the School of Social Science (1989/90) and of the School of Historical Studies (2003) of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton. Currently (2004/2005) he is a fellow of the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin. His research is mainly devoted to issues of politics, public bureaucracy and non-governmental organizations.

List of Figures
List of Abbreviations

Introduction: The Holocaust as Division-of-Labor-Based CrimeEvidence and Analytical Challenges
Gerald D. Feldman andWolfgang Seibel

PART I: RIVALRY AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1. Introduction to Rivalry and Competition
Christian Gerlach

Chapter 2. The SS Security Service and the Gestapo in the National Socialist Persecution of the Jews 19331939
Wolfgang Dierker

Chapter 3. Aryanization and the Role of the German Banks, 19331938
Dieter Ziegler

Chapter 4. The Looting of Jewish Property and Franco-German Rivalry, 19401944
Philippe Verheyde

Chapter 5. Seizure of Jewish Property and Inter-Agency Rivalry in the Reich and in the Occupied Soviet Territories
Martin C. Dean

Chapter 6. The Polycratic Nature of Art Looting: The Dynamic Balance of the Third Reich
Jonathan Petropoulos

Chapter 7. The Holocaust and Corruption
Frank Bajohr

Part II: "SMOOTH COOPERATION"

Chapter 8. Introduction to Smooth Cooperation
Gerhard Hirschfeld andWolfgang Seibel

Chapter 9. The Looting of Jewish Property and the German Financial Administration
Alfons Kenkmann

Chapter 10. Organized Looting: The Nazi Seizure of Jewish Property in the Netherlands, 19401945
Gerard Aalders

Chapter 11. Perpetrator Networks and the Holocaust. The Spoliation of Jewish Property in France, 19401944
Marc Olivier Baruch

Chapter 12. "Ethnic Resettlement" and Inter-Agency Cooperation in the Occupied Eastern Territories
Isabel Heinemann

Chapter 13. Der"reibungslose" Holocaust? The German Military and Civilian Implementation of the "Final Solution" in Ukraine, 19411944
Wendy Lower

PART III: DECENTRAL INITIATIVE AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION

Chapter 14. A Bureaucratic Holocaust: Toward a New Consensus
Micheal Thad Allen

Chapter 15. Local Initiatives, Central Coordination: German Municipal Administration and the Holocaust
Wolf Gruner

Chapter 16. TheReichskristallnacht and the Insurance Industry: The Politics of Damage Control
Gerald D. Feldman

PART IV: "STRUCTURE", "AGENCY", AND THE LOGIC OF RADICALIZATION

Chapter 17. More than Just a Metaphor: the Network Concept and Its Potential in Holocaust Research
Jörg Raab

Chapter 18. Restraining or Radicalizing? Division of Labor and Persecution Effectiveness
Wolfgang Seibel

Notes on Contributors
Index