Leseprobe

Preface. 1 Why Bother to Design an Experiment? 1.1 Indroduction. 1.2 Examples and Benefits. 1.2.1 Develop a Better Product. 1.2.2 Which Antiperspirant is Best? 1.2.3 A Complex Project. 1.3 Good Design and Good Analysis. 2 A Change for the Better - Significance Testing. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Towards a Darker Stout. 2.3 Summary Statistics. 2.4 The Normal Distribution. 2.5 How Accurate is My Mean? 2.6 Is the New Additive an Improvement? 2.7 How Many Trials are Needed for an Experiment? 2.8 Were the Aims of the Investigation Achieved? 2.9 Problems. 3 Improving Effectiveness Using a Paired Design. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 An Example: Who Wears the Trousers? 3.3 How Do We Rate the Wear? 3.4 How Often Do You Carry Out an Assessment? 3.5 Choosing the Participants. 3.6 Controlling the Participants. 3.7 The Paired Design. 3.8 Was the Experiment Successful? 3.9 Problems. 4 A Simple but Effective Design for Two Variables. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 An Investigation. 4.3 Limitations of a One-Variable-at-a-Time Experiment. 4.4 A Factorial Experiment. 4.5 Confidence Intervals for Effect Estimates. 4.6 What Conditions Should be Recommended? 4.7 Were the Aims of the Investigation Achieved? 4.8 Problems. 5 Investigating 3 and 4 Variables in an Experiment. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 An Experiment with Three Variables. 5.3 The Design Matrix Method. 5.4 Computation of Predicted Values. 5.5 Computation of Confidence Interval. 5.6 95% Confidence Interval for an Effect. 5.7 95% Confidence Interval for a Predicted Value. 5.8 Sequencing of the Trials. 5.9 Were the Aims of the Experiment Achieved? 5.10 A Four-Variable Experiment. 5.11 Half-Normal Plots. 5.12 Were the Aims of the Experiment Achieved? 5.13 Problems. 6 More for Even Less: Using a Fraction of a Full Design. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Obtaining Half-Fractional Designs. 6.2.1 With Defining Contrast ABC. 6.2.2 With Defining Contrast AC. 6.3 Design of 1/2(24) Experiment. 6.4 Analysing a Fractional Experiment. 6.5 Summary 59 6.6 Did Wheelwright Achieve the Aims of His Experiment? 6.7 When and Where to Choose a Fractional Design. 6.7.1 Three Variables. 6.7.2 Four Variables. 6.7.3 Five Variables or More. 6.8 Problems. 7 Saturated Designs. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Towards a Better Oil? 7.3 The Experiment. 7.4 An Alternative Procedure for Estimating the Residual SD. 7.5 Did Doug Achieve the Aims of His Experiment? 7.6 How Rugged is My Method? 7.7 Analysis of the Design. 7.8 Conclusions from the Experiment. 7.9 Did Serena Achieve Her Aims? 7.10 Which Order Should I Use for the Trials? 7.11 How to Obtain the Designs. 7.12 Other Uses of Saturated Designs. 7.13 Problems. 8 Regression Analysis. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Example: Keeping Quality of Sprouts. 8.3 How Good a Fit Has the Line to the Data? 8.4 Residuals. 8.5 Percentage Fit. 8.6 Correlation Coefficient. 8.7 Percentage Fit - An Easier Method. 8.8 Is There a Significant Relationship between the Variables? 8.9 Confidence Intervals for the Regression Statistics. 8.10 Assumptions. 8.11 Problem. 9 Multiple Regression: The First Essentials. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 An Experiment to Improve the Yield. 9.3 Building a Regression Model. 9.4 Selecting the First Independent Variable. 9.5 Relationship between Yield and Weight. 9.6 Model Building. 9.7 Selecting the Second Independent Variable.

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