Darwin's discovery of evolution is as celebrated as Galileo's laws of motion or Newton's discovery of gravity. But this was only half the story. Not content to prove that evolution had happened, Darwin sought to convey its full humbling implications. Thus he formulated the theory of natural selection. Contrary to popular belief, this theory ran exactly counter to scientific reason and was consequently rejected by the scientific community of the time. This wasnt the only reason Darwins critics recoiled. His theory robbed the ruling orders of any easy recourse to consolatory tales of natures harmony and design. The fate of his ideas, for the time being at least, would be left to the heretics he inspired in other domains. Darwin's radical thought anticipated Nietzsche's Godless philosophy, Marx's class-based economics and Freud's psychological theories of the unconscious. It would take a further 80 years for Darwinism to become accepted as mainstream science, but it came at the expense of its counter-scientific core. For the remainder of the twentieth century a popularized Darwinism would become the touchstone for backlash movements in philosophy, economics and psychologydisciplines he once so radicalized. This is the story of how the most revolutionary idea of the nineteenth century became the most reactionary idea of the twentieth.

Samuel Grove received his PhD from the University of Nottingham.

Introduction

Part 1: From Science to Counter-Science

1.I think!: Science& the Union of Nature& Thought

2. I cant think!: Counter-Science& the Unthought

3. A Conflictual Science: Darwins Theory of Evolution& Natural Selection

Part 2: The Reluctant Radical

4. The Death of God: Darwins Adaptation to an Imperfect Science

5. The Dismal Science: Darwins Struggle for a Ruling Interpretation

6. Specious Origins: Darwins Selections in an Age of Narcissism and Doubt

Part 3: Darwins Century: From Crisis to Reaction

7. A Crisis of Representation: Representations of Evolution 1859 1929

8. Reaction and Containment: Darwinian Interpretations 1929 2009

Conclusion: Recovering the Unthought