During the study and analysis of chemical clusters of the main group elements and transition elements using 4n series and skeletal numbers, it was discovered that the clusters portray the double capping phenomenal. This property was represented by the parameter K*= Cy+Dz where y + z = n which is equal to the total number of skeletal elements in a cluster. The clusters belong to three types, if y is less than 0 and z is positive, then the cluster is growing to maturity. It reaches maturity when y reaches zero and the cluster arrives at the Closo series. Beyond that when y is greater than 0, then we get capping series in which case nuclei are formed. The Nuclei can consist of one or more skeletal elements, golden clusters usually are centered round 1 to 2 skeletal elements and palladium carbonyl clusters between 2 and above.This book presents the concept that some clusters can be regarded as having nuclei which are surrounded by other elements.

Enos Masheija Rwantale Kiremire graduated with BSc(Hons) degree majoring in Chemistry from, University of East Africa, Makerere University College, Uganda in 1970. He had the opportunity to be taught briefly by an inspiring notable visiting chemist, Prof. C.A. Coulson. He later did a PhD, graduating in 1977 March at the University of New Brunswick.