InhaltsangabeLaser-Doppler Vibrometer Measurements of Leaves.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Materials and Methods.- 2.1 Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer Scanning System.- 2.2 Specific Materials.- 3 Two Simple Models for Vibrating Leaf Tissue.- 3.1 Clamped, Isotropic Membranes.- 3.2 Clamped, Isotropic Plates.- 4 Experiments and Results with Clamped Leaves.- 4.1 Point Measurements of the Vibration Velocity with LDV.- 4.2 Optical Scanning over the Surface with LDV-Scanning.- 5 Experiments and Results with Free Hanging Leaves.- 5.1 Point Measurements of the Vibration Velocity with LDV.- 5.2 Optical Scanning over the Surface with LD-Interferometry and LDV-Scanning.- 6 Discussion.- 6.1 Sound-Induced Vibrations of Leaves.- 6.2 The Usefulness of LDV and LDV-Scanning.- References.- Triplet States in Photosynthesis: Linear Dichroic Optical Difference Spectra via Magnetic Resonance.- 1 Why Triplet States Are of Interest.- 1.1 Some Physics.- 1.2 Magnetic Resonance.- 1.3 Optical Detection of Magnetic Resonance, ODMR.- 1.4 Instrumentation.- 2 Information Obtainable from ODMR Spectroscopy.- 2.1 Determination of Zero Field Splitting Parameters, Sublevel Population Probabilities and Decay Rates.- 2.2 Spectral Information: Microwave-Induced Phosphorescence, Fluorescence and Absorbance Spectra.- 2.3 Triplet-Minus-Singlet (T-S) Absorbance Difference Spectra.- 2.4 Linear Dichroic T-S Spectroscopy.- 2.5 Instrumentation for LD-(T-S) Spectroscopy.- 3 Applications of ODMR in Photosynthesis.- 3.1 FDMR Spectroscopy.- 3.2 ADMR Spectroscopy of Reaction Centers.- 3.2.1 T-S Spectra of Bacterial Reaction Centers.- 3.2.2 T-S Spectra of Plant Reaction Centers.- 3.2.3 Linear Dichroic T-S Spectroscopy.- 3.3 Spectral Simulations with Exciton Theory.- 4 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- Laser Physical Methods: Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Historical Survey.- 3 Instrumentation.- 3.1 LAMMA 500.- 3.2 LAMMA 1000.- 3.3 LIMA and LIMA-SIMS.- 4 Specimen Preparation.- 5 Features of the Instrument.- 5.1 Advantages.- 5.2 Disadvantages.- 5.3 Detection Limits and Sensitivity.- 5.4 Quantification.- 6 Experimental Parameters of Different Groups.- 7 Ion Formation Mechanisms and Characteristics of Spectra.- 8 Efficiency of Different Microprobe Methods.- 9 LAMMA Applications, Inorganic Ions.- 9.1 Inorganic Salts.- 9.2 Aerosol Research.- 9.3 Fingerprint Analysis of Single Cells.- 9.4 Analysis of Plant Exudates.- 9.5 Localization of Inorganic Ions and of Toxic Metals in Tissues.- 10 LAMMA Applications Organic Compound Analysis.- 10.1 Saccharides.- 10.2 Amino Acids, Oligopeptides and Alkaloids.- 10.3 Tracing of Organic Molecules in Plant Tissue.- 11 Stable Isotopes as Markers.- References.- Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.- 1 Introduction to Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.- 2 Quantification and Stable Isotope Analysis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.- 2.1 Betaines.- 2.2 Betaine Aldehyde.- 2.3 Choline.- 3 Quantification and Stable Isotope Analysis of Amino Acids.- 4 Analysis of Oligosaccharides.- 5 Analysis of Polypeptides.- 6 Analysis of Glycoproteins.- 7 Nucleotide Analysis.- 8 Structural Characterization of Miscellaneous Secondary Plant Products.- 9 Concluding Remarks.- 10 References.- Microdissection and Biochemical Analysis of Plant Tissues.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Freeze Stop.- 3 Storage of Frozen Tissues.- 4 Freeze-Drying.- 5 Sample Containers.- 6 Storage of Freeze-Dried Material.- 7 Dissection of Tissue.- 7.1 Environmental Requirements.- 7.2 Dissection Procedure.- 7.3 Collection and Transfer of Dissected Samples.- 8 Determination of Sample Mass.- 8.1 Microbalance.- 8.2 Mounting the Balance.- 8.3 Illumination and Viewing.- 8.4 Handling.- 8.5 Calibration.- 8.6 Maintenance.- 9 Biochemical Analysis of Samples.- 9.1 Working with Small Assay Volumes.- 9.1.1 Assay Racks.- 9.1.2 Pipetting.- 9.1.3 Use of Oil Wells.- 9.2 Enzymatic Cycling.- 9.3 Indicator Reaction.- 10 Example for the Complete Procedure: Determination of Fumarase Activity.- 11 Examples for Application: In

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