The essays collected in this volume are the proceedings of an international conference held in Vienna (Austria) in September 2022 on the parting of the ways between Jews and Christians. They demonstrate that the beginnings of what we today call Christianity were fully embedded in early Judaism in the first century CE. The 18 chapters of this collection span from considerations about early Jewish identity/ies (Tiwald/Öhler, Grohmann, Magness) to Pauline theology (Tiwald, Ehrensperger, Eschner), the Sayings Source (Heil), the Gospels of Matthew (Konradt), Johnine and Biblical theology (Schreiber, Scherer, Förster), the Didache (Doering) to Ignatius of Antioch (Foster, Öhler), Origen (Siquans), and the Rabbis (Stemberger). The volume ends with systematic-theological considerations on the parting of the ways and perspectives of Jewish-Christian dialogue.

Markus Tiwald is Professor for New Testament Studies at the University of Vienna, Faculty of Catholic Theology. Markus Öhler is Professor for New Testament Studies at University of Vienna, Faculty of Protestant Theology.