It is time to re-examine the French Revolution as a political resource. The historiography has so far ignored the question of popular sovereignty and emancipation; instead the Revolution has been vilified as a matrix of totalitarianisms by the liberals and as an ethnocentric phenomenon by postcolonial studies. This book examines why.

More so than historians, it is philosophers that have played the leading role in the portrayal of this major event in French political history. The philosophical quarrels of the 1960s placed the French Revolution at the heart of their debates. The most well-documented among these is the conflict between Jean-Paul Sartre and Claude Lévi-Strauss and subsequently, Michel Foucault.

Do we need an ethics of the history of the French Revolution? Rancière, Derrida, Balibar, Lefort, Robin, and Loraux can help answer this question, in an epistemological approach to history. These successive explorations allow us to move away from a myth of identity and to rediscover a real Revolution, capable of offering Enlightenment and political utility and interrogating what democracy and emancipation mean for us today.

Sophie Wahnich is director of research in history and political science at the National Research Institute (Centre national de recherche scientique, CNRS) and director of the IIAC in the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, France. A specialist of the French Revolution trained in discourse analysis and political theory, Sophie Wahnich examines disruptive historical events and their consequences for the political, social, and emotional fabric of society.

Owen Glyn-Williams is a PhD candidate and philosophy instructor at DePaul University. His research focuses on early modern philosophy and contemporary political thought.

Introduction The French Revolution is Not a Myth: Sartre, Lévi-
Strauss, Foucault, Lacan and us

Part I
Chapter one How did the French Revolution become a Sartrean object?

Chapter two Working with historical details against the fetishizing of reality

Chapter three Do not dissolve the real men of the French Revolution in a bath of sulfuric acid

Chapter four Restoring the sacred to its place

Chapter five Apocalypse and Fraternity-Terror

Chapter six The question of dialectical time and the futility of the notion of rearguard

Part II
Chapter seven Three humanities in one, Europeans, colonized, savages

Chapter eight Conclude a book, conclude a discussion

Chapter nine Michel Foucault and the French Revolution: a misunderstanding?

Chapter ten The French Revolution in between archaeologies of knowledge, discourse formations, and social formations

Chapter eleven Surrounding the Iranian revolution, retrieving the missed object with Foucault, in spite of Foucault

Chapter twelve the French Revolution, matrix of totalitarianism, a strange enigma of a statement

Chapter thirteen Sade and the folds of the ethics of the French Revolution

Conclusion Dissipating layers of fog